Learning Buddhism in old age
As I grew older, I began to study Buddhism differently. When I encountered lengthy scriptures and lectures, regardless of how much was added or subtracted, I learned only one sentence, one word, or one verse. I would reflect on it, ask questions, seek answers, and apply it in my daily life. The journey of learning Buddhism should be a path of peace, a path toward the cessation of suffering. If studying the Dharma only increases my suffering, then I must be misunderstanding it!
With the Heart Sutra, I need to learn and practice just one sentence: "Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva practices the profound Prajna Paramita, perceives the five aggregates as fundamentally empty, and transcends all burdens of sorrow."
I asked myself: Who is Avalokiteshvara? What is a Bodhisattva? What constitutes profound practice? What is Prajnaparamita? Is it true that one can overcome all the burdens of suffering?
In the end, just learning the word EMPTINESS (Prajna) is enough. When you understand the word Emptiness due to Dependent Origination, you will not be easily deceived by external forms or names.
What you see with your eyes is not really what it is. What you hear with your ears is not really what it is. Therefore, you are not mistaken by forms, and you are not affected by external forms; from there, your mind is not attached, and you live without clinging to anything.
In our daily lives, we often cling to various things, listen to flattering words, and focus on external appearances, mistakenly believing they are genuine. As a result, we are deceived time and again, and by the time we awaken to the truth, it is often too late. In today's world, we must be increasingly vigilant against misinformation, deepfakes, artificial intelligence, and similar threats.
With the Diamond Sutra, I need to learn just one sentence: when the mind is no longer attached to anything, the liberated mind will emerge. Recognize that everything originates from the mind. However, when thoughts arise, allow them to come and go; as long as you do not cling to those thoughts, you will find peace. If you allow the mind to become attached to anything, suffering will persist! When thoughts arise, let them be; do not dwell on any thought.
Therefore, the Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch Hui Neng states that one should regard the mind of No Abode as the foundation for cultivation and the mind of No Thought as the gateway to enter the Zen house. At that point, the mind will no longer be influenced by worldly conditions. The mind will cease to arise, returning to its true nature from its origin. To achieve this, one must engage in meditation. The Diamond Sutra instructs on meditation, emphasizing the importance of distancing oneself from appearances and thoughts. By doing so, one will arrive at the state where the Tathagata reveals the unmoving mind, the mind that perceives all dharmas as they truly are.
With the Avatamsaka Sutra, I believe it is sufficient to study only the First Part in Bodh Gaya, focusing on the initial chapters. Following this, we move on to the practice aspect, which is Entering the Dharma Realm, signifying our engagement in practice and immersion in the world. Each of us embodies the young man Sudhana—open-minded, humble, and eager to learn alongside others.
The Lord of the World, Diệu Nghiêm—the ruler of the world—is certainly not a god, a saint, a king, or an emperor; rather, he must be an individual who has attained remarkable solemnity. This person must be a Bodhisattva, who is leisurely, free, and unhindered, having practiced the profound wisdom of Prajna and recognized the emptiness of the five aggregates.
Tathagata originally had no form but spontaneously manifested as a Buddha to propagate the Dharma with great difficulty, all out of profound compassion. We, too, are shaped by the Tathagatagarbha to endure numerous afflictions, often unaware of the reasons behind them or the environmental retributions that lead to our current retribution, ultimately resulting from Karma. When the day arrives that we have settled our Karma, we will return to the realm of non-birth.
To understand how the Tathagata manifests, you must enter the Samadhi of Samantabhadra. This Samadhi represents the deepest state of meditation. Only by entering the Samadhi of Samantabhadra can you perceive that when a Buddha appears from formlessness, the three demons vanish. At that moment, the demons of Greed, Anger, and Delusion will no longer disturb you.
The world has unveiled itself as a tapestry of flowers before our eyes, all of which emerge from our minds. Birth and death, the concepts of eternity and annihilation, and the myriad illusions are so captivating that we often remain unaware of their true nature. Consequently, we continue to suffer, face challenges, and encounter obstacles; we must simply endure. If we enter and navigate the world like Sudhana, the youth, we will ultimately gain clarity and understanding.
What do you see? You see Vairocana Buddha. You perceive all Buddhas as embodying the same essence of Vairocana Tathagatagarbha, as stated in the Avatamsaka Sutra. We now understand that all things originate from DNA, which itself emerges from the void of nothingness that encompasses all worlds. Once you grasp this principle, you will no longer be constrained by the material aspects of this world. It is easy to comprehend that the immense Mount Sumeru can fit within a mustard seed or that the four vast oceans can be contained within a single pore.
The remarkable aspect of the Lotus Sutra is that it illustrates how one can swiftly attain Buddhahood. For a long time, many have believed that becoming a Buddha is a challenging endeavor, requiring countless lifetimes of cultivation. On that day at the foot of Linh Thứu Mountain, the Buddha informed his disciples that he was aging and about to enter Nirvana. He encouraged the monks to ask any questions they had without hesitation. The leading Bodhisattva promptly inquired how they could quickly become Buddhas. I anticipated that the Buddha would reprimand the monks, but to my surprise, he replied that it was very easy! Simply learn the Dharma door of 'Infinite Meanings,' and it will be accomplished immediately. The Dharma door encompasses a single principle: No-form. The Buddha elaborated further, stating that signifies no-form; yet it is not merely no-form. It is not no-form, but rather no-form, which is why it is referred to as True-form. Thus, no-form is the true form, and true form is no-form. Isn't that extraordinary?
Being immersed in formlessness is misguided, just as being immersed in true form is also erroneous. Therefore, perceiving reality as it is does not equate to seeing the truth; it merely involves interpreting things as real. We must recognize formlessness to understand that it is impermanent and not a self. This awareness leads us to comprehend that while it exists, it is dependently arisen and ultimately empty. Although it embodies emptiness, it still exists. By seeing and understanding in this manner, we free ourselves from attachment. We do not seek to destroy the conditioned; rather, the mind refrains from fixating on the unconditioned. In this state, there is neither existence nor non-existence. Additionally, we learn the virtues of the Bodhisattva Never Disparaging, the genuineness of the Bodhisattva Medicine King, and the empathy and attentive listening exemplified by the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara.
With the Lotus Sutra, I ponder whether its purpose is to guide sentient beings in understanding and penetrating the nature of reality and comprehending what the Buddha truly represents. After reflection and contemplation, I recognize its profound significance. Concepts such as impermanence, non-self, suffering, and impurity are also aspects of the Unchanging, the Blissful, the Essence of self, and True purity, yet they are often misinterpreted due to the delusions we experience in our dreams.
With the Vimalakirti Sutra, I learned that the Buddha realm is not distant; it resides within the mind. When our mind is pure, the Buddha realm is pure. Conversely, if our mind is impure, we perceive obstacles such as hills, pits, and thorns all around us. However, when the mind is pure, the landscape transforms into a vast, majestic, and beautiful expanse, illuminated by golden light everywhere.
I also learned that expedient means must be accompanied by wisdom. Prajnaparamita is the mother of Bodhisattvas, while the appropriate application of expedient means is the father. One must first possess Prajnaparamita; only then can one effectively apply expedient means.
I have learned that Bodhisattvas do not immerse themselves in meditation to the extent of neglecting life; rather, they must empathize with the endless suffering of all living beings. Consequently, Bodhisattvas practice the principle of emptiness without viewing emptiness as an achievement, and they embrace the principles of formlessness and actionlessness without considering formlessness and actionlessness as accomplishments.
I have come to understand that perceiving the mind can be quite challenging. How can one achieve peace of mind? The most effective approach is to connect with it through the body. Therefore, emulating Vimalakirti's experience of illness is a valuable method. In sickness, all individuals are equal; there is no discrimination. Everyone stands on equal ground before sickness! Vimalakirti emphasized that this body cannot be trusted; it is not mine, it is not me, and it is not a self belonging to me. Instead, one must recognize the Buddha body, which refers to the Dharma body.
I have come to understand that living beings are illusions crafted by the magician—ourselves. This magician is also a living being. We are nothing more than reflections in a mirror, like the moon's image on water, or the fleeting footprints of birds in the sky.
I have learned that the four Maras are our constant companions, always by our side to assist us. The Mara of afflictions surrounds us, reminding us that there are forty-eight thousand ways to escape our suffering. The Mara of the five aggregates serves as a friend, reminding us that the trivial distractions that disturb us are merely temporary combinations. The Mara from the heavens acts as a warning: do not be delusional! Finally, the Mara of death is a close companion who has been with us since we were in our mother's womb.
I have discovered a fragrance that endlessly nourishes both the body and mind, and that fragrance is Virtue. Only this scent can soar high, travel far, and defy the wind.
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Looking back on my challenging journey of learning Buddhism, I realize that I can create a visual reminder to help me remember my experiences.
The Lotus Sutra is the essence and foundation of Buddhist teachings. The Master has revealed a profound secret, one that the Buddhas of the past have kept hidden until now. It is only in this time that Shakyamuni Buddha has allowed us to perceive and understand the Tathagata. From this understanding, we can realize the Buddha's perspective and learn to live in harmony with it. This realization brings us ease and freedom, aligning us with the Dharma. At that time, we will live according to our circumstances, understanding that all beings originate from the same Tathagata-garbha, sharing the same Tathagata-womb.
It is as it is, without beginning or end. Interacting from the Tathāgatagarbha to form the dharma realm within the infinite universe. With the cultivation of Prajñā wisdom, we are no longer ensnared by distinctions, contrivances, or the intertwined and entangled dependencies that obscure our perception of Suchness.
Only when we recognize and understand this will we gain the confidence to be at ease, completely free, and accountable for our own circumstances and karma, without blaming or depending on others. We learn to turn inward, relying on ourselves, and realize that once we have purified our minds, they return to their original state of purity. It is as if we are being guided by Samantabhadra Bodhisattva into the Vairocana Palace, which represents our own Dharma body.
Finally, the Vimalakirti Sutra embodies the Buddha's aspiration to reach every individual and every aspect of life, aiming to establish a Buddha realm—a dharma realm characterized by equality, joy, and happiness for all of humanity!